Retinal Detachment: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Retinal detachment (RD) is a serious condition that threatens vision, and its management requires prompt intervention to preserve ocular health. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the various aspects of retinal detachment, including its pathophysiology, types, diagnostic techniques, treatment options, complications, and emerging therapies. Rhegmatogenous, tractional, and exudative retinal detachments are discussed in detail, with a focus on their underlying causes and mechanisms. Diagnostic tools such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), B-scan ultrasonography, and fluorescein angiography are highlighted for their role in detecting RD. The review also examines conventional treatment methods like scleral buckling, pneumatic retinopexy, and vitrectomy, while exploring emerging therapies such as stem cell therapy and gene therapy. A critical understanding of RD is essential for ophthalmologists to provide optimal care and improve patient outcomes.