Evaluation of antidiabetic effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Bauhinia thoningii using various in vitro models.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action, or both. Current pharmacological treatments often come with limitations and side effects, prompting the exploration of alternative therapies from medicinal plants. This study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic potential of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Bauhinia thoningii leaves using in vivo models. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, and cardiac glycosides. Acute toxicity studies demonstrated the safety of the extracts up to 2000 mg/kg in rats. Experimental diabetes was induced using alloxan, and hypoglycemic activity was assessed in both normal and diabetic albino Wistar rats. The extracts significantly reduced fasting blood glucose levels and improved glucose tolerance, with the aqueous extract showing superior efficacy compared to the alcoholic extract. The results were comparable to the standard antidiabetic drug, Glibenclamide. The findings suggest that Bauhinia thoningii possesses promising antidiabetic properties, potentially through mechanisms involving enhanced insulin sensitivity and reduced oxidative stress. These results support its traditional use and warrant further studies to isolate active constituents and evaluate long-term efficacy and safety.